用电动机械搅拌装置测定三聚磷酸钠中Ⅰ型晶体含量

三聚磷酸钠的晶体内部原子排列不同会形成两种晶体形态，即Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。在洗衣粉制造中，三聚磷酸钠的Ⅰ型含量低，不利于料浆的水合，混料需要较长时间，同时还需补充较多的热量，增加了生产能耗，降低了生产效率；Ⅰ型含量过高，则三聚磷酸钠迅速水合会导致料浆因来不及搅拌发生结块现象，包裹内部原料成分，造成料浆不均匀，最终影响产品质量。因此Ⅰ型含量的高低，必须准确掌握。     

SYNTHESIS OF MAIN CHAIN LIQUID CRYSTALLINE COPOLYESTERS WITH X-SHAPED TWO-DIMENSIONAL MESOGENIC UNIT AND CROWN ETHER CYCLE

A novel series of main chain liquid crystalline copolyesters with X-shaped two-dimensional mesogenic unit and crown ether cycle of cis-4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenylazo) dibenzo-18-crown-6 was prepared via solution condensation polymerization from 4,4′-(α,ω-hexanedioyloxy) dibenzoyl dichloride (M1), 2,5-bis(p-octyloxybenzoyloxy) hydro-quinone (M2) and cis-4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenylazo) dibenzo-18-crown-6 (M3). Monomer M1 was synthesized by esterification and substitution of adipoyl chloride with p-hydroxybenzoic acid, monomer M2 was synthesized by esterfication and reduction reaction of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoquinone and p-octanoxybenzoyl chloride and monomer M3 was synthesized by diazotization and coupling reaction of cis-diaminodibenzo-18-crown-6 with phenol. The molecular weights of copolyesters are not high,and the intrinsic viscosity [η] of copolyesters ranges from 0.25-0.35. The monomers' structures were identified by using elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H-NMR, MS, etc. All the copolyesters are yellowish powders and insoluble in THF and CHCl3 at room temperature except CP9. The properties of copolyesters were investigated by using GPC, [η] , DSC, TG,WAXD and POM. It was found that all the copolyesters entered into liquid crystal phase when they were heated to above their melting temperature (Tm). The typical smectic and nematic phase texture can be observed on POM. Their mesophase transition temperature and thermal stability change regularly with varying the content of cis-4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenylazo)dibenzo-18-crown-6 unit in the copolyesters.     

微量元素Sr对Al—Si合金凝固过程的影响

用差热分析法系统地研究了Sr对Al-Si共晶、亚共晶及超共晶合金的动态凝固过程的影响。结果表明,Sr既可促进α-Al成核,使其初晶析出温度比二元合金中α-Al相析出温度明显提高,又能抑制初晶Si成核,使超共晶中初晶Si相析出温度较二元合金中Si的初晶的实际析出温度明显降低,还能促使共晶合金成核,使加Sr后的共晶析出温度明显提高。     

新型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及表面活性研究

以α-长链烷基吡啶和烯丙基氯为原料合成了吡啶盐型阳离子表面活性剂———N-烯丙基-2-烷基氯化吡啶嗡盐(GS-n),研究了其表面性能,结果表明,GS具有较好的表面活性,其中N-烯丙基-2-十六烷基氯化吡啶嗡盐(GS-16)具有最低的临界胶团浓度(CMC,0.527 mmol.L-1);随着α-烷基链的增长,GS的CMC显著降低,表面张力(γcm c)则先降后升;GS-12的γcm c为27.1 mN.m-1。     

THE ■-STATE OF A SINGLE HOMOPOLYMER CHAIN IN SOLUTION

It has been an established practice to estimate the Θ-temperature of a polymer solution from thedisappearance of the interchain interactions (A_2 = 0) Recently, in studies of the temperature dependence ofthe chain conformation in solution, we found that the change of the chain conformation clearly underwentthree different stages which could be viewed as the "gas". "liquid" and "solid" states in terms of the freedomof the "blobs" on the chain. The transition temperature between the first and second stages corresponds nicelyto the Θ-temperature determined by the conventional method. It reveals, for the first time, that the Θ-temperature can be deduced from the conformation change of a single polymer chain in solution, which isimportant not only in conception, but also in practice.     

基于UHPLC－Q－Exactive－MS技术的短序蒲桃叶岩白菜素新衍生物的快速发现

基于课题组前期对短序蒲桃叶的研究,该文建立了快速鉴定短序蒲桃叶中未知岩白菜素类化学成分的超高效液相色谱－串联四极杆轨道阱质谱（UHPLC－Q－Exactive－MS）分析方法。采用Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3色谱柱（1.8 μm,2.1 mm × 100 mm）,乙腈－0.1%甲酸水为流动相梯度洗脱,Orbitrap MS负离子模式下检测。总结了模式成分的质谱裂解规律和特征碎片离子,并采集高分辨质谱数据对短序蒲桃叶中的岩白菜素衍生物等酚酸类成分进行鉴定。从短序蒲桃叶中鉴定出54种酚酸类成分,包含34种岩白菜素衍生物,均为在蒲桃属植物中首次报道,其中发现潜在的新岩白菜素类化合物10个。所得结果为进一步研究和利用民族中草药短序蒲桃提供了参考。     

基于金粒子修饰二硫化钼纳米复合材料的电化学发光免疫传感器的构建及其应用研究

生物标志物的快速、精准检测对控制和预防疾病或病毒的暴发具有重要意义。该研究将三维花状Au@(MoS2/GO/o-MWNTs)纳米复合物(AMGMs)作为一种理想的基底,利用“三明治”免疫夹心组装法构筑一种高灵敏的电化学发光免疫传感器,并用于前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的高灵敏检测。AMGMs不仅具有良好的导电性和生物相容性,其三维花状的立体结构可提供更多活性位点并加载更多抗体,显著增加了传感器的响应信号。采用电化学交流阻抗法和循环伏安法对组装过程进行跟踪,证实了该传感器组装的可行性,并采用电化学发光法研究了传感器对底液中不同浓度PSA的响应。结果表明,该传感器实现了对肿瘤标志物PSA的灵敏检测,其线性范围为0.1 pg/mL~50 ng/mL,检出限(S/N=3)为0.1 pg/mL,对实际样品的加标回收率为98.2%~106%。该方法的准确度良好,可为临床PSA检测提供准确可靠的新方法。     

Dual thermal- and pH-responsive polypeptide-based hydrogels

Smart hydrogels have received increasing attention for their great potential for the applications in many fields. Herein, we report a facile approach to prepare a class of dual-responsive hydrogels assembled from synthetic statistical/block thermal-responsive copoly(L-glutamate)s copolymerized with poly(ethylene glycol), which were prepared by ring-opening polymerization(ROP) and post-modification strategy. The incorporation of oligo(ethylene glycol)(OEG) and glutamic acid residues offers the gels with thermal-and p H-responsive properties simultaneously. We have systematically studied the influence of both temperature and p H on the gelation behaviors of these copolymers. It is found that the increase of glutamic acid content and solution p H values can significantly suppress the gelation ability of the samples. Circular dichroism(CD) results show that the α-helix conformation appears to be the dominant secondary conformation. More interestingly, the gelation property of the block copolymer with statistical thermal-responsive copoly(L-glutamate)s shows greater dependence on p H as compared to that with block segments due to the distinct morphology of the self-assemblies. The obtained hydrogels exhibit p H-dependent and thermal-responsive gelation behaviors, which enable them as an ideal smart hydrogel system for biomedical applications.     

高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速筛查保健食品中10种雄性激素类非法添加物

建立了快速筛查保健食品中10种雄性激素类非法添加物的高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(HPLC-Q-TOF MS)法。样品经直接超声或液液萃取,C_(18)色谱柱(3.0 mm×150 mm,1.8μm)分离,以0.1%甲酸溶液(含10 mmol/L乙酸铵)-0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液梯度洗脱,采用HPLC-Q-TOF MS检测。构建10种雄性激素的一级精确质量数据库和二级谱库,通过化合物的精确质量数、保留时间、同位素比值、二级谱图等信息对检测结果进行自动检索,实现对实际样品快速准确的定性分析。结果表明,10种雄性激素在2～500 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.999,在固体基质、液体基质和油性基质中的检出限为0.01～0.06 mg/kg,定量下限为0.03～0.2 mg/kg,平均回收率为74.3%～113%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%～7.7%。该方法利用自建标准谱库检索实现快速筛查,样品前处理方法简单,具有专属性好、快速、灵敏、高效等优点,适用于缓解体力疲劳类保健食品中非法添加物的快速筛查和识别。     

基于光子技术的UV-B辐射对植物细胞伤害评价方法

用50 μW/cm2 UV-B连续辐射大豆愈伤组织16 h,发现大豆愈伤组织的自发发光强度逐渐增长,延迟发光呈现衰减的趋势.通过对延迟发光动力学过程的分析,得到了UV-B辐射下大豆愈伤组织延迟发光的特征参数积分强度I(T)、初始光子数I0、相干时间τ和衰减参数β的变化规律.结果表明,大豆愈伤组织延迟发光初始光子数I0、...